ANTHROPOLOGY STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS

1) Adult modern humans generally have
A) very long, curved finger and toe bones
B) large, protruding mid-facial area and receding mandibles
C) a well-defined chin
D) cranial capacity equal to that of a modern chimpanzee

2) MRCA stands for
A) Mitochondrial Research Confirms Aging
B) More Reliable Catalog Assessment
C) Most Recent Common Ancestor
D) Must Remember Critical Answers

3) _____ Genetic evidence of modern human migrations into Europe and Asia include mtDNA and Y-chromosome lineages.

4) The earliest Modern Homo sapiens sites were discovered at
A) Kow Swamp in Australia
B) Zhoukoudian Cave in China
C) Atapuerca in France
D) Omo Kibish and Herto in Central East Africa

5) _____ Upper Paleolithic tools include long, thin blades and items made of stone, bone, antler and shell.

6) _____ Early modern humans ate exactly the same heavy meat diet as Neanderthals.

7) _____ Early modern human art objects include ostrich eggshell beads found in Kenya, Venus figurines found in Austria and etched ochre found in South Africa.

8) _____ Available evidence confirms that all ancestors of Native Americans migrated over the Bering Land Bridge between Siberia and Alaska (Beringia) about 3,500 years ago.

9) Early modern people made cave paintings that
A) contain multiple scenes of Humans fighting and killing Neandertals
B) preserved clear self-portraits of artists so we know what early humans looked like
C) are easily understood by everyone because they clearly show people hunting large animals
D) are difficult to understand because we do not know what the images meant to the people who made them.

10) The three major parts of the entire brain are
A) cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem
B) frontal lobe, parietal lobe and temporal lobe
C) white matter, grey matter and central core
D) association cortex, sensory cortex and motor cortex

11) Sound processing and memory centers are located primarily in the
A) frontal lobe
B) occipital lobe
C) temporal lobe
D) parietal lobe

12) Dendrites are
A) located primarily deep in the white matter of the brain
B) branch ends of neurons that receive and transmit brain electrical impulses
C) specialized cells that gather oxygen for brain function
D) found throughout the body, but never in a human brain

13) As brain functions in early hominins reorganized from H. erectus to modern Homo sapiens,
A) the parietal lobes became smaller and less significant over time
B) the primary visual region expanded and became the most important part of the brain
C) the sense of smell reduced over time compared to modern non-human primates
D) nothing really changed. Our modern brains are organized in the same way as the brains of Homo habilis.

14) _____ Chimpanzees cannot speak human languages because chimpanzees use only the left hemisphere of their brains (not the right hemisphere where all forms of communication are processed).

15) Major hypotheses for the evolution of human language include
A) the “Throwing Hypothesis” as part of a gesture/call system of communication
B) a spontaneous invention brought on by the desire to discussion intellectual ideas
C) the “Isolation Theory” in response to the need to communicate over long distances
D) in response to the very recent need for accounting of agricultural surplus

16) _____ The person who survived a traumatic head injury as detailed in the Chapter 14 video “Head Injury” became a musical genius as a result of her injuries.

17) _____ The Bio-Cultural Approach is the belief that behaviors are internalized cognitive functions, so behaviors change as internal psychological factors change.

18) _____ Risk-taking behavior in young men correlates with potentially higher reproductive benefits in terms of winning the attention of receptive sexual partners.

19) The Westermarck hypothesis tries to explain
A) the link between social status and fertility
B) why laws of inheritance are different in specific regions of the world
C) risk-taking behavior as a result of peer-pressure
D) sibling incest aversion

20) _____ The juvenile stage of human development starts after puberty.

21) Contributing factors to the lower age of menarche in industrialized nations today include
A) hormones and chemicals in food and personal care products
B) reduced exercise and accumulated fat deposits in children and early teens
C) over-nutrition and increased carbohydrate consumption
D) All of these answers are correct

22) The “grandmothering hypothesis” tries to explain
A) the recent development of old-age facilities in the U.S.A.
B) the age of puberty for males around the world
C) the adaptive significance of menopause in older female humans.
D) the trend toward a lower age of menarche onset in America today

23) _____ Possible explanations for senescence include accumulated DNA damage as cells replicate many times throughout a lifetime.

24) Cultural practices that are related to the spread of disease in humans include
A) overcrowding and unsanitary living conditions
B) agricultural practices in mosquito-infested areas
C) transmission of skin-borne pathogens through greeting rituals (handshakes)
D) All of these answers are correct

25) The human immune system generally works by
A) destroying harmful “killer” T-cells in the body
B) generating antibodies to destroy invading antigens
C) sending pathogens to rescue cells that have been attacked by lymphocytes
D) All of these answers is correct

26) Vaccines
A) spread diseases and cancers
B) have been proven to cause wide-spread autism and auto-immuno deficiencies
C) artificially enhance a person’s immune system to help resist disease
D) fight existing infections in a person and cure the diseases of civilization

27) _____ Over-use of antibiotics changes the environment of the infection and can lead to the evolution of drug-resistant strains of pathogens.

28) _____ Many diseases of modern civilization, like heart disease, affect the individual rather than being contagious from person to person.

29) _____ According to the video “debunking the Paleo Diet”, the best food for modern humans is a strictly vegan diet similar to that of our entirely vegetarian human ancestors.

30) _____ Forensic anthropologists use the “chain of custody” to literally chain briefcases containing evidence to couriers so the evidence is not lost.

31) An adult female human skeleton generally will have
A) a wide, rounded greater sciatic notch
B) a narrow sub-pubic angle
C) a large mastoid process
D) more ribs than an adult male human skeleton

32) AIMs are
A) alternate income males, a term used by women to evaluate resource-providing ability
B) above-intelligence marks, used by IQ evaluators in studies of primate intelligence
C) ancestry information markers in human DNA that can be used to identify the different ethnic backgrounds of an individual
D) the “aims” or rules of forensic anthropological investigations, which are helpful for directing criminal investigations

33) _____ Trauma just before or at the time of death is known as a “postmortem event”

34) _____ Antemortum records like surgical implant identification numbers can help make a positive identification of human skeletal remains.

35) _____ Forensic Anthropologists assist with identification of individuals who died in mass disasters, MIA war dead and positive ID of historical figures, in addition to identification of recent individual human remains.

ANTHROPOLOGY STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS 1)&nbsp; &nbsp;Adult modern...

ANTHROPOLOGY STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS 1) Adult modern...